Debian does not impose hardware requirements beyond the requirements of the Linux kernel and the GNU tool-sets. Therefore, any architecture or platform to which the Linux kernel, libc, gcc, etc. have been ported, and for which a Debian port exists, can run Debian. Please refer to the Ports pages at https://www.debian.org/ports/amd64/ for more details on 64-bit PC architecture systems which have been tested with Debian GNU/Linux.
Tässä luvussa ei kerrota kaikkia laitealustan 64-bit PC tuettuja laitteistokokoonpanoja, vaan kerrotaan yleisempää tietoa ja annetaan viitteet joista lisätietoa löytyy.
Debian GNU/Linux 13 supports 7 major architectures and several variations of each architecture known as ”flavors”.
Suoritinperhe | Nimi Debianissa | Suoritinarkkitehtuuri | Malli |
---|---|---|---|
AMD64 & Intel 64 | amd64 | ||
ARM with hardware FPU | armhf | multiplatform | armmp |
64bit ARM | arm64 | ||
64bit MIPS (little-endian) | mips64el | MIPS Malta | 5kc-malta |
Cavium Octeon | octeon | ||
Loongson 3 | loongson-3 | ||
Power Systems | ppc64el | IBM POWER8 or newer machines | |
64bit RISC-V (little-endian) | riscv64 | ||
64bit IBM S/390 | s390x | IPL VM-lukijalta ja DASD:ltä | generic |
This document covers installation for the 64-bit PC architecture using the Linux kernel. If you are looking for information on any of the other Debian-supported architectures take a look at the Debian-Ports pages.
From a technical point of view, laptops are normal PCs, so all information regarding PC systems applies to laptops as well. Installations on laptops nowadays usually work out of the box, including things like automatically suspending the system on closing the lid and laptop specfic hardware buttons like those for disabling the wifi interfaces (”airplane mode”). Nonetheless sometimes the hardware vendors use specialized or proprietary hardware for some laptop-specific functions which might not be supported. To see if your particular laptop works well with GNU/Linux, see for example the Linux Laptop pages.
Multiprocessor support — also called ”symmetric multiprocessing” or SMP — is available for this architecture. The standard Debian 13 kernel image has been compiled with SMP-alternatives support. This means that the kernel will detect the number of processors (or processor cores) and will automatically deactivate SMP on uniprocessor systems.
Having multiple processors in a computer was originally only an issue for high-end server systems but has become common in recent years nearly everywhere with the introduction of so called ”multi-core” processors. These contain two or more processor units, called ”cores”, in one physical chip.
Debian's support for graphical interfaces is determined by the underlying support found in X.Org's X11 system, and the kernel. Basic framebuffer graphics is provided by the kernel, whilst desktop environments use X11. Whether advanced graphics card features such as 3D-hardware acceleration or hardware-accelerated video are available, depends on the actual graphics hardware used in the system and in some cases on the installation of additional ”firmware” blobs (see Kohta 2.2, ”Laiteohjelmistoa tarvitsevat laitteet”).
On modern PCs, having a graphical display usually works out of the box. For quite a lot of hardware, 3D acceleration also works well out of the box, but there is still some hardware that needs binary firmware blobs to work well. In some cases there have been reports about hardware on which installation of additional graphics card firmware was required even for basic graphics support.
Details on supported graphics hardware and pointing devices can be found at https://wiki.freedesktop.org/xorg/. Debian 13 ships with X.Org version 7.7.
Almost any network interface card (NIC) supported by the Linux kernel should also be supported by the installation system; drivers should normally be loaded automatically. This includes most PCI/PCI-Express cards as well as PCMCIA/Express Cards on laptops.
ISDN on tuettu, mutta ei asennuksen aikana.
Langattomat verkotkin ovat yleensä tuettuja ja kasvava joukko langattomia sovittimia on tuettu virallisessa Linux-ytimessä, vaikkakin monet niistä vaativat laiteohjelmiston lataamisen.
Asennin kehoittaa lataamaan laiteohjelmiston jos laiteohjelmisto tarvitaan. Katso kohdasta Kohta 6.4, ”Puuttuvan laitetiedoston lataaminen” tarkempaa tietoja laiteohjelmiston lataamisesta asennuksen aikana.
Langattomat sovittimet joita virallinen Linux-ydin ei tue voidaan yleensä saada toimimaan Debian GNU/Linuxissa, mutta ne eivät ole tuettuja asennuksen aikana.
If there is a problem with wireless and there is no other NIC you can use during the installation, it is still possible to install Debian GNU/Linux using a DVD image. Select the option to not configure a network and install using only the packages available from the DVD. You can then install the driver and firmware you need after the installation is completed (after the reboot) and configure your network manually.
Joissakin tapauksissa tarvittavaa ajuria ei ole saatavilla Debian-pakettina. Tällöin on etsittävä lähdekoodia Internetistä ja käännettävä ajuri itse. Se miten tämä tehdään ei kuulu tämän ohjeen piiriin. Jos ei mitään Linux-ajuria ole saatavilla, viimeisin konsti on käyttää pakettia ndiswrapper
, jonka avulla voidaan käyttä Windows-ajuria.
Pistekirjoitusnäyttöjen tuki määräytyy brltty
:ssä olevasta tuesta. Useimmat näytöt toimivat brltty
:n kanssa, liitäntänä voi olla sarjaportti, USB tai bluetooth. Tarkempaa tietoa tuetuista pistekirjoitusnäytöistä löytyy brltty
:n webbisivulta. Debian GNU/Linux versiossa 13 tulee mukana brltty
:n versio 6.5.
Support for hardware speech synthesis devices is determined by the underlying support found in speakup
. speakup
only supports integrated boards and external devices connected to a serial port (no USB, serial-to-USB or PCI adapters are supported). Details on supported hardware speech synthesis devices can be found on the speakup
website. Debian GNU/Linux 13 ships with speakup
version 3.1.6.
Linux supports a large variety of hardware devices such as mice, printers, scanners, PCMCIA/CardBus/ExpressCard and USB devices. However, most of these devices are not required while installing the system.
USB hardware generally works fine. On some very old PC systems some USB keyboards may require additional configuration (see Kohta 3.6.6, ”Varottavia laitetason ilmiöitä”). On modern PCs, USB keyboards and mice work without requiring any specific configuration.