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5. fejezet - A telepítő rendszer indítása | 
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5. fejezet - A telepítő rendszer indítása |
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Sometimes, especially with older drives, the installer may fail to boot from an optical disc. The installer may also — even after booting successfully from such disc — fail to recognize the disc or return errors while reading from it during the installation.
Ennek sok eltérő oka lehet. Csak néhány szokásos hibát és kezelésükről szóló általános tanácsot írunk le. A többi tőled függ.
Először 2 egyszerű dolgot érdemes kipróbálni.
If the disc does not boot, check that it was inserted correctly and that it is not dirty.
If the installer fails to recognize the disc, try just running the option a second time. Some DMA related issues with very old CD-ROM drives are known to be resolved in this way.
If this does not work, then try the suggestions in the subsections below. Most, but not all, suggestions discussed there are valid for CD-ROM and DVD.
If you cannot get the installation working from optical disc, try one of the other installation methods that are available.
Néhány régi CD-ROM meghajtó nem támogatja a korszerű CD-írók használatával nagy sebességgel írt lemezek olvasását.
Some very old CD-ROM drives do not work correctly if „direct memory access” (DMA) is enabled for them.
If the optical disc fails to boot, try the suggestions listed below.
Check that your BIOS/UEFI actually supports booting from optical disc (only an issue for very old systems) and that booting from such media is enabled in the BIOS/UEFI.
If you downloaded an iso image, check that the md5sum of that image matches the one listed for the image in the MD5SUMS file that should be present in the same location as where you downloaded the image from.
$ md5sumdebian-testing-i386-netinst.isoa20391b12f7ff22ef705cee4059c6b92debian-testing-i386-netinst.iso
Next, check that the md5sum of the burned disc matches as well. The following command should work. It uses the size of the image to read the correct number of bytes from the disc.
$ dd if=/dev/cdrom | \
> head -c `stat --format=%s debian-testing-i386-netinst.iso` | \
> md5sum
a20391b12f7ff22ef705cee4059c6b92 -
262668+0 rekord beolvasva
262668+0 rekord kiírva
134486016 bájt (134 MB) másolva, 97.474 másodperc, 1.4 MB/s
If, after the installer has been booted successfully, the disc is not detected, sometimes simply trying again may solve the problem. If you have more than one optical drive, try changing the disc to the other drive. If that does not work or if the disc is recognized but there are errors when reading from it, try the suggestions listed below. Some basic knowledge of Linux is required for this. To execute any of the commands, you should first switch to the second virtual console (VT2) and activate the shell there.
Válts a VT4 terminálra vagy nézd meg a /var/log/syslog tartalmát (használd a nano-t szerkesztőként) a hibák ellenőrzéséhez. Ezután ellenőrizd a dmesg kimenetét is.
Check in the output of dmesg if your optical drive was recognized. You should see something like (the lines do not necessarily have to be consecutive):
ata1.00: ATAPI: MATSHITADVD-RAM UJ-822S, 1.61, max UDMA/33 ata1.00: configured for UDMA/33 scsi 0:0:0:0: CD-ROM MATSHITA DVD-RAM UJ-822S 1.61 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5 sr0: scsi3-mmc drive: 24x/24x writer dvd-ram cd/rw xa/form2 cdda tray cdrom: Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.20
If you don't see something like that, chances are the controller your drive is connected to was not recognized or may be not supported at all. If you know what driver is needed for the controller, you can try loading it manually using modprobe.
Check that there is a device node for your optical drive under /dev/. In the example above, this would be /dev/sr0. There should also be a /dev/cdrom.
Use the mount command to check if the optical disc is already mounted; if not, try mounting it manually:
$ mount /dev/hdc /cdrom
Check if there are any error messages after that command.
Check if DMA is currently enabled:
$ cd /proc/ide/hdc$ grep using_dma settings using_dma 1 0 1 rw
A „1” in the first column after using_dma means it is enabled. If it is, try disabling it:
$ echo -n "using_dma:0" >settings
Make sure that you are in the directory for the device that corresponds to your optical drive.
If there are any problems during the installation, try checking the integrity of the installation media using the option near the bottom of the installer's main menu. This option can also be used as a general test if the disc can be read reliably.
Ha a kernel megáll az indító folyamat során, nem ismer fel perifériákat vagy meghajtókat helyesen, először az indító paramétereket kell ellenőrizni a korábbi 5.3. szakasz - Indító paraméterek szerint.
In some cases, malfunctions can be caused by missing device firmware (see 2.2. szakasz - Firmware-t igénylő eszközök and 6.4. szakasz - Hiányzó firmware betöltése).
If software speech synthesis does not work, there is most probably an issue with your sound board, usually because either the driver for it is not included in the installer, or because it has unusual mixer level names which are set to muted by default. You should thus submit a bug report which includes the output of the following commands, run on the same machine from a Linux system which is known to have sound working (e.g., a live CD).
dmesg
lspci
lsmod
amixer
Van pár gyakori telepítő gond, mely megoldható vagy elkerülhető egyes indító paraméterek átadásával a telepítőnek.
If your screen begins to show a weird picture while the kernel boots, eg. pure white, pure black or colored pixel garbage, your system may contain a problematic video card which does not switch to the framebuffer mode properly. Then you can use the boot parameter fb=false to disable the framebuffer console. Only a reduced set of languages will be available during the installation due to limited console features. See 5.3. szakasz - Indító paraméterek for details.
Some very old laptop models produced by Dell are known to crash when PCMCIA device detection tries to access some hardware addresses. Other laptops may display similar problems. If you experience such a problem and you don't need PCMCIA support during the installation, you can disable PCMCIA using the hw-detect/start_pcmcia=false boot parameter. You can then configure PCMCIA after the installation is completed and exclude the resource range causing the problems.
A telepítő szakértő módban is indítható. Ekkor lehetőség nyílik a hardver igényeinek megfelelő erőforrás-tartományok bevitelére. Például a fenti Dell laptopokon megadható ez: exclude port 0x800-0x8ff. Van egy lista is néhány általános erőforrás-tartomány lehetőségről itt: PCMCIA HOGYAN rendszer erőforrás-beállítások szakasz. A vesszőket el kell hagyni, ha vannak, mikor beírod ezt az értéket a telepítőben.
Az indítás alatt, sok ilyen üzenetet láthatsz: can't find , vagy valami , valami not presentcan't initialize , vagy akár valamithis driver release depends on . A legtöbb ilyen nem számít. Azért látod, mert a telepítőben lévő kernel úgy készült, hogy a legkülönbözőbb eszközöket támogassa. Persze egy gépen sincs az összes lehetséges eszköz, és az operációs rendszer jelezheti, ha olyat keres, ami nem található. Néha azt is láthatod, hogy a rendszer egy picit megáll. Ez akkor történik, ha vár egy eszköz válaszára, az adott rendszer pedig nem tartalmaz olyat. Ha ezt túl hosszúnak találod, később egyéni kernelt is készíthetsz (lásd a 8.5. szakasz - Új rendszermag (kernel) fordítása részt). valami
If you get through the initial boot phase but cannot complete the install, the menu option may be helpful. It lets you store system error logs and configuration information from the installer on a storage medium, or download them using a web browser. This information may provide clues as to what went wrong and how to fix it. If you are submitting a bug report, you may want to attach this information to the bug report.
További telepítő üzenetek találhatók a /var/log/ könyvtárban a telepítés során és a /var/log/installer/ könyvtárban, miután a gép a telepített rendszert elindította.
If you still have problems, please submit an installation report (in English please, whenever possible). We also encourage installation reports to be sent even if the installation is successful, so that we can get as much information as possible on the largest number of hardware configurations.
A telepítő jelentés közzé kerül a Debian hibajelentő rendszerben (BTS) és nyilvános listára kerül. Gondold át, melyik email címedet használod.
If you have a working Debian system, the easiest way to send an installation report is to install the installation-report and reportbug packages (apt install installation-report reportbug), configure reportbug as explained in 8.4.2. szakasz - Email küldése kifelé, and run the command reportbug installation-reports.
Alternatively you can use this template when filling out installation reports, and file the report as a bug report against the installation-reports pseudo package, by sending it to <submit@bugs.debian.org>.
Package: installation-reports
Boot method: <How did you boot the installer? CD/DVD? USB stick? Network?>
Image version: <Full URL to image you downloaded is best>
Date: <Date and time of the install>
Machine: <Description of machine (eg, IBM Thinkpad R32)>
Processor:
Memory:
Partitions: <df -Tl will do; the raw partition table is preferred>
Output of lspci -knn (or lspci -nn):
Base System Installation Checklist:
[O] = OK, [E] = Error (please elaborate below), [ ] = didn't try it
Initial boot: [ ]
Detect network card: [ ]
Configure network: [ ]
Detect media: [ ]
Load installer modules: [ ]
Detect hard drives: [ ]
Partition hard drives: [ ]
Install base system: [ ]
Clock/timezone setup: [ ]
User/password setup: [ ]
Install tasks: [ ]
Install boot loader: [ ]
Overall install: [ ]
Comments/Problems:
<Description of the install, in prose, and any thoughts, comments
and ideas you had during the initial install.>
Please make sure that any installation logs that you think would
be useful are attached to this report. (You can find them in the installer
system in /var/log/ and later on the installed system under
/var/log/installer.) Please compress large files using gzip.
In the bug report, describe what the problem is, including the last visible kernel messages in the event of a kernel hang. Describe the steps that you did which brought the system into the problem state.
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| 5.3. Indító paraméterek |  |
6. fejezet - A Debian Telepítő használata |